<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">29.</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">藕益《弥陀要解》「平生业成」之文:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">只今信愿持名,莲萼光荣,金台影现,便非娑婆界内人矣!</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">30.</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">印光《印光大师文钞》「平生业成」之文:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">果能生死心切,信得及,不生一念疑惑之心,则虽未出娑婆,已非娑婆之久客;</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">未生极乐,即是极乐之嘉宾。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">31.</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">法然上人「平生业成,临终来迎」之文(《法然上人全集》第四三○页):</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">明知:非临终正念故有来迎,由来迎故临终正念也。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">凡平生之时已成往生行业之人,临终必得圣众来迎;</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">已得来迎之时,即由佛力住正念也。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">四、现生不退(一○则)</span><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">经文</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1.</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">《大经》「现生不退」之文(《大经》第五八页):</span><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">愿生彼国,即得往生,住不退转。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2.</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">《无量寿如来会》「现生不退」之文:</span><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">彼国众生,若当生者,皆悉究竟无上菩提。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3.</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">《小经》「现生不退」之文:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">极乐国土,众生生者,皆是阿鞞跋致,其中多有一生补处。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">欲生阿弥陀佛国者,是诸人等,皆得不退转于阿耨多罗三藐三菩提。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">祖释</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4.</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">龙树《易行品》「现生不退」之偈:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">若人欲疾至,不退转地者,应以恭敬心,执持称名号。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">若菩萨欲于此身,得至阿惟越致地。(《易行品要义》第六页)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">阿弥陀佛本愿如是:若人念我称名自归,即入必定。(《易行品要义》第一三页)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">人能念是佛,无量力功德,即时入必定,是故我常念。(《易行品要义》第一四页)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">5.</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">昙鸾《往生论注》「现生不退」之文(《论注要义》第二一页):</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">易行道者:谓但以信佛因缘,愿生淨土,乘佛愿力,便得往生彼清淨土。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">佛力住持,即入大乘正定之聚,正定即是阿毗跋致。譬如水路,乘船则乐。……</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">上衍之极致,不退之风航。</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">6.</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">昙鸾《往生论注》「现生不退」之文(《论注要义》第八九页):</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">若人但闻彼国土,清淨安乐,剋念愿生,亦得往生,即入正定聚。</span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText" style="MARGIN: auto 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US">7.</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: PMingLiU;">昙鸾大师《往生论注》「不断得证」之文(《论注要义》第八一页):</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoPlainText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 5pt 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt;">有凡夫人,烦恼成就,亦得生彼净土,三界系业,毕竟不牵。</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB;"><br/></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: DFKai-SB;">则是不断烦恼,得涅盘分,焉可思议!</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt;">
</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB;"><p></p></span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText" style="MARGIN: auto 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US">8.</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: PMingLiU;">善导大师《往生礼赞》「现生不退」之偈(《善导大师全集》第五二八页):</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB;"><p></p></span></p><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">真形光明遍法界,蒙光触者心不退。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">
</span></b>
<p class="MsoPlainText" style="MARGIN: auto 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US">9.</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: PMingLiU;">印光大师《印光大师文钞》「现生不退」之文:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoPlainText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 5pt 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt;">能于此法,深生信心,则虽具缚凡夫,其种性已超二乘之上;</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB;"><br/></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: DFKai-SB;">喻如太子堕地,贵压群臣。</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt;">
</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB;"><p></p></span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText" style="MARGIN: auto 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US">10.</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: PMingLiU;">昙鸾大师《往生论注》「他力速得」之文(《论注要义》第一二</span><span lang="EN-US">○ ~ </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: PMingLiU; mso-hansi-font-family: PMingLiU;">一二二页):</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoPlainText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 5pt 15pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt;">有何因缘,言「速」得成就阿耨多罗三藐三菩提?</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB;"><br/></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt;">核求其本,阿弥陀如来为增上缘。</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB;"><br/></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt;">凡是生彼净土,及彼菩萨人天,所起诸行,皆缘阿弥陀如来本愿力故。</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB;"><br/></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt;">何以言之?若非佛力,四十八愿,便是徒设。今的取「三愿」,用证义意:</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB;"><br/></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt;">愿言:「设我得佛,十方众生,至心、信乐、欲生我国,乃至十念;若不生者,不取正觉。唯除五逆诽谤正法。」</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB;"><br/></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt;">缘佛愿力故,十念念佛,便得往生。得往生故,即免三界轮转之事。无轮转故,所以得速。一证也。</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB;"><br/></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt;">愿言:「设我得佛,国中人天,不住正定聚,必至灭度者,不取正觉。」</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB;"><br/></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: DFKai-SB;">缘佛愿力故,住正定聚;住正定聚故,必至灭度。无诸回复之难,所以得速。二证也。</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">
</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB;"><br/></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt;">愿言:「设我得佛,他方佛土,诸菩萨众,来生我国,究竟必至,一生补处。</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB;"><br/></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt;">除其本愿,自在所化,为众生故,被弘誓铠,积累德本,度脱一切。</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB;"><br/></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt;">游诸佛国修菩萨行,供养十方诸佛如来,开化恒沙无量众生,使立无上正真之道。</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB;"><br/></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt;">超出常伦诸地之行,现前修习普贤之德。若不尔者,不取正觉。」</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB;"><br/></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt;">缘佛愿力故,超出常伦诸地之行,现前修习普贤之德。以超出常伦诸地行故,所以得速。三证也。</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB;"><br/></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt;">以斯而推,「他力」为增上缘,得不然乎。</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB;"><br/></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; mso-ascii-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-hansi-font-family: DFKai-SB;">愚哉!后之学者,闻「他力」可乘,当生「信心」,勿自局分也。</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: DFKai-SB;"><p></p></span></p>
<p align="center" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 22.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; COLOR: maroon;">〈净土宗特色〉之「补充说明」<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center;">慧净法师</p><p align="center" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26.25pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt;">前<span lang="EN-US"> </span>言</span></b></p><p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span>「<b>本愿称名,凡夫入报,平生业成,现生不退</b>」独为净土宗之「特色」;独显弥陀救度,超胜余佛净土,不共圣道诸宗;既至为简易稳当,又极其深妙圆顿;三根普被,利钝全收;万机不漏,一生速成。</p><p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span>前二句为根本纲宗,后二句明今生胜益;又前一句为因行,后三句为果益。根本自摄枝末,因行必招果益,故四句可收为二句「本愿称名<span lang="EN-US"> </span>凡夫入报」,此二句又可收入一句「本愿称名」,摄末归本故。</p><p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span>「本愿」明教理,「称名」明行法,「凡夫」明摄机,「入报」明果益。「本愿称名,凡夫入报」,明净土宗之「教、行、机、益」,即:一切善恶凡夫,以弥陀本愿救度故,称名愿生,皆得往生真实无漏涅盘之极乐净土;而且是平生之时圆满达成往生之业,不待临终;于此世间即获不退转之果位,非至极乐。</p><p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span>圣道诸宗亦有弥陀净土之论说与行持,然以自宗之义理而判释念佛法门,遂有所谓唯心、自性,实相、观想,无相、兼修等,诸种杂行杂修,致使弥陀「本愿」之胜义、「称名」之正行、「往生」之果益,因此淆而不纯、隐而不彰。此即宗祖善导大师所言之「别解、别行、异学、异见、异执」也。</p><p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span>今为显明净土宗之真义,乃编集「净土宗之特色」,并作此「补充说明」。</p>
<p align="center" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 26.25pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt;">一、本愿称名</span></b></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><b>(一)典据、字意、宗义</b></p><p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 5pt 24.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><b>典据</b>:「特色」举出十五则,在此略引二则。</p><p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 5pt 61.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;">善导大师《观经疏》〈散善义〉「归宗结顶」之文:</p><p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 5pt 69pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;">望佛<u>本愿</u>,意在众生,一向专<u>称</u>弥陀佛<u>名</u>。</p><p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 5pt 61.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;">龙树菩萨《易行品》「本愿称名」之文:</p><p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 5pt 69pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;">阿弥陀佛<u>本愿</u>如是:若人念我,<u>称名</u>自归,即入必定。</p><p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 61.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -36.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><b>字意</b>:本愿,根本之誓愿;即四十八愿中「第十八愿」。称名,口称「南无阿弥陀佛」名号,此弥陀佛名与弥陀本身,乃是「名体一如<b>」。</b></p><p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 5pt 61.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -36.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><b>宗义</b>:广说无尽,略说二句:本愿在称名,称名顺本愿。<b><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span></b>阿弥陀佛因地发愿,建立净土,根本目的在于救度一切善恶凡夫,脱离六道轮回,往生弥陀报土,速证正等正觉。为达此目的,成就万德洪名,令众生称念,誓言:若称念我名而不得往生,誓不成佛。此是彼佛大愿之根本,称为「本愿」。净土宗强调称名为往生根本方法,独称「正定之业」,正是因为称名是阿弥陀佛本愿所规定,顺彼佛本愿,乘彼佛愿力,必得往生。<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>若不知此本愿之理,误认称名只是众生本身之虔诚努力,则信心如无根之木,无源之水,无从发起。今为建立正信,探根求源,故说「本愿称名」;使知:彼佛本愿是众生称名之来源,众生称名是彼佛本愿之实现,生佛相感,因果相顺,是故必得往生,万无一漏,所谓「万修万人去」也。</p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><b>(二)本愿之义,称名之文</b></p><p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span>「本愿」有二义:</p><p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span>(<span lang="EN-US">1</span>)因本之义,谓因地所发之誓愿,与果上之末相对,系指弥陀因地所发之四十八愿,一一愿皆是本愿。</p><p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span>(<span lang="EN-US">2</span>)根本之义,即四十八愿中根本主要之誓愿,与枝末之愿相对,系指四十八愿中之第十八愿,此愿名为「念佛往生愿」,而其它四十七愿为枝末之愿。</p><p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span>因此,四十八愿每一愿称为本愿之时,是依因本之义;若单称第十八愿为本愿之时,是依根本之义。故本宗有总称四十八愿为本愿,与单称第十八愿为本愿二种。</p><p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span>在此所言之「本愿」,是依根本之义,单指第十八愿为本愿。</p><p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span>经文祖释之中,凡言「本愿」者,大多单指第十八愿而言,少指其它之愿。</p><p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span>如《大经》「其佛本愿力」之偈,端在说明第十八愿称名念佛之功能妙用,并非指其它之愿的内容。</p>
<p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span>又如龙树菩萨《易行品》之核心所言之「阿弥陀佛本愿如是」等,亦在阐释第十八愿称名念佛之往生成佛的直截横超,不在解释其它之愿。</p><p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span>而天亲菩萨《往生论》「观佛本愿力,遇无空过者」之偈,也只在阐释第十八愿称名念佛的往生证果的快速圆顿,也非解释其它之愿。</p><p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span>故法然上人言:「六八愿中,以第十八愿为根本。」又言:「四十八愿中,既以念佛往生愿而为『本愿中王』也。」</p><p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span>故知:第十八愿为四十八愿中根本主要之愿,为本愿中之根本愿,尊为本愿王。故本宗以总为别,多以第十八愿为本愿。</p><p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span>又,综观以上「经文」、「祖语」,可知本愿之「乃至十<u>念</u>」,即是「称名念佛」。</p>
<p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span>「称名念佛」首由释尊亲自解释于《观经》及《小经》,即「<u>称</u>南无阿弥陀佛」、「<u>持</u>无量寿佛<u>名</u>」、「执<u>持名</u>号」等。</p><p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span>再由龙树菩萨判定于《易行品》,即「<u>称名</u>自归,即入必定」,彰显「本愿称名」之念佛人,已得「平生业成,现生不退」之宗义。</p><p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span>后由净土宗之大成者,善导大师总结而言:「望佛<u>本愿</u>,意在众生,一向专<u>称</u>,弥陀佛<u>名</u>」。</p>
<p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span>凡大师所言之「念佛」,皆指「本愿」之「称名念佛」,大师「五部九卷」之中,就文就义,强调本愿称名念佛之处,俯拾皆是,除本篇(一、本愿称名)略举六段法语之外,他如:</p><p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 5pt 42.75pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US">1</span>、《无量寿经》四十八愿中,唯明专念弥陀名号得生。</p><p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 5pt 42.75pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US">2</span>、《弥陀经》中,一日七日,专念弥陀名号得生。</p><p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 5pt 42.75pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US">3</span>、《观经》定散文中,唯标专念名号得生。</p><p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 5pt 42.75pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US">4</span>、阿弥陀佛报言:「欲来生者,当念我名。」</p><p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 5pt 42.75pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US">5</span>、佛说一切众生,根性不同,有上中下;随其根性,佛皆劝专念无量寿佛名。</p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 5pt 42.75pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US">6</span>、一心专念弥陀名号,念念不舍者,是名正定之业,顺彼佛愿故。</p><p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 5pt 42.75pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US">7</span>、一心专念弥陀名号,定得往生,必无疑也。</p><p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 5pt 42.75pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US">8</span>、称名号,下至十声一声等,定得往生。</p><p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 5pt 42.75pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US">9</span>、称念阿弥陀佛,<span lang="EN-US">……</span>乃至一声一念等,必得往生。</p><p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 5pt 48pt; TEXT-INDENT: -24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US">10</span>、念阿弥陀佛<span lang="EN-US">……</span>十声、三声、一声等<span lang="EN-US">……</span>即得往生。</p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 5pt 48pt; TEXT-INDENT: -24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US">11</span>、上尽一形,下至十声一声等,以佛愿力,易得往生。</p><p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 5pt 48pt; TEXT-INDENT: -24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US">12</span>、众生称念,即除多劫罪;命欲终时,佛与圣众,自来迎接。</p><p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 5pt 48pt; TEXT-INDENT: -24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US">13</span>、望佛愿意者,唯劝正念称名,往生义疾,不同杂散之善。</p>