<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 5pt 48pt; TEXT-INDENT: -24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US">14</span>、彼佛光明无量,照十方国,无所障碍;唯观念佛众生,摄取不舍,故名阿弥陀。</p><p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 5pt 48pt; TEXT-INDENT: -24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US">15</span>、但有专念阿弥陀佛众生,彼佛心光,常照是人,摄护不舍;总不论照摄余杂业行者。</p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 5pt 48pt; TEXT-INDENT: -24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US">16</span>、若称佛愿往生者,常为六方恒沙等诸佛之所护念。</p><p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 5pt 48pt; TEXT-INDENT: -24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US">17</span>、专念弥陀名号者,即观音势至,常随影护,亦如亲友知识。</p><p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 5pt 48pt; TEXT-INDENT: -24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US">18</span>、称念阿弥陀佛愿往生者,现生即得延年转寿,不遭九横之难。</p><p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 5pt 48pt; TEXT-INDENT: -24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US">19</span>、弘誓多门四十八,偏标念佛最为亲。</p><p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 5pt 48pt; TEXT-INDENT: -24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US">20</span>、故使如来选要法,教念弥陀专复专。</p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 5pt 48pt; TEXT-INDENT: -24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US">21</span>、种种法门皆解脱,无过念佛往西方。</p><p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 5pt 48pt; TEXT-INDENT: -24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US">22</span>、万行具回皆得往,念佛一行最为尊。</p><p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 5pt 48pt; TEXT-INDENT: -24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US">23</span>、一切善业回生利,不如专念弥陀号。</p><p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 5pt 48pt; TEXT-INDENT: -24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US">24</span>、念念称名常忏悔,人能念佛佛还忆。</p><p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 5pt 48pt; TEXT-INDENT: -24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US">25</span>、弥陀名号相续念,化佛菩萨眼前行。</p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 5pt 48pt; TEXT-INDENT: -24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US">26</span>、若非知识教念佛,如何得入弥陀国。</p><p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 5pt 48pt; TEXT-INDENT: -24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US">27</span>、利剑即是弥陀号,一声称念罪皆除。</p><p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 5pt 48pt; TEXT-INDENT: -24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US">28</span>、谤法阐提行十恶,回心念佛罪皆除。</p><p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 5pt 48pt; TEXT-INDENT: -24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US">29</span>、世尊说法时终了,殷勤付嘱弥陀名。</p><p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 5pt 48pt; TEXT-INDENT: -24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US">30</span>、念佛即是涅盘门。</p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span>以上等,不胜枚举。</p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><b>(三)超世本愿,唯说念佛</b><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;">(摘自《念佛感应录一》四至一一页)</span></b></p><p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span>诸佛有总别之愿,「总」者四弘誓愿,「别」者如释迦佛五百大愿,药师佛十二上愿,弥陀佛四十八殊胜大愿。</p><p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span>然今弥陀别愿,超过诸佛别愿,故《大经》言「我建超世愿」,又言「发愿踰诸佛」。故弥陀别愿名「超世别愿」,亦名「别意弘愿」。</p><p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span>弥陀别愿亘通四十八愿,别局第十八愿,故第十八愿释尊名为「本愿」,祖师赞为「王本愿」、「本愿王」。</p><p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span>本愿有二义:</p><p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span>因本:对果末,因位之誓愿,即四十八愿每愿皆是本愿。</p><p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span>根本:对枝末,众多誓愿中之根本誓愿。四十八愿中,唯有第十八愿是根本主要之誓愿。</p><p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span>弥陀誓愿虽有四十八,唯以第十八愿为王本愿,此本愿之王「唯说念佛」。</p>
<p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span>第十八愿言:</p><p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 36pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;">十方众生,乃至十念,若不生者,不取正觉。</p><p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span>而第十八愿成就偈言:</p><p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 36pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;">其佛本愿力,闻名欲往生,<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>皆悉到彼国,自致不退转。</p>
<p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span>天亲菩萨阐释此偈之意,而于《往生论》言:</p><p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 36pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;">观佛本愿力,遇无空过者,<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>能令速满足,功德大宝海。</p>
<p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span>龙树菩萨据此第十八愿及成就偈之意,而于《易行品》言:</p><p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 36pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;">阿弥陀佛,本愿如是:<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>若人念我,称名自归;<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>即入必定,得阿耨多罗三藐三菩提;<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>是故常应忆念。</p>
<p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span>故知「乃至十念」即是「称名自归」、「常应忆念」,亦即是上尽一形,下至十声一声一念之念佛。</p><p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span>临终方遇此法之人,则十声一声一念,亦得往生;其它之人,则应上尽一形而念佛。</p><p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span>故知「念佛」乃是弥陀对十方众生之救度的招唤与约束。</p>
<p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span>故善导大师于《观经疏》之「二河白道喻」形容弥陀救度的招唤而言:</p><p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 36pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;">汝一心正念直来,我能护汝。</p><p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span>又于〈定善义〉之「真身观」云:</p><p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 36pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;">无量寿经四十八愿中,唯明专念弥陀名号得生。</p>
<p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span>又于《法事赞》云:</p><p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 36pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;">弘誓多门四十八,偏标念佛最为亲;<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>人能念佛佛还念,专心想佛佛知人。</p>
<p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span>又云:</p><p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 36pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;">极乐无为涅盘界,随缘杂善恐难生;<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>故使如来选要法,教念弥陀专复专。</p>
<p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span>而《观经疏》之结论更言:</p><p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 36pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;">望佛本愿,意在众生,一向专称,弥陀佛名。</p><p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span>故愿生极乐之人,应「一向专称弥陀佛名」,此是弥陀本愿之行。</p><p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span>「念佛」是弥陀本愿独一无二、最高无上之行,善导大师谓之「正定之业」,亦即「往生已定」、「平生业成」。</p>
<p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span>而法然上人依善导大师之启示,于其所著《选择本愿念佛集》之结论云:</p><p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 36pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;">正定之业者,即是称佛名,<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>称名必得生,依佛本愿故。</p><p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span>此与其卷首开宗明义所标举之</p><p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 36pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;">往生之业,念佛为本。</p><p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span>前后遥相呼应,显示始终一贯之宗义。</p>
<p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span>何以阿弥陀佛以称名为本愿,不以其它诸行为本愿?此法然上人于其《选择集》之第三「本愿章」有很简要的解说:</p><p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 36pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;">弥陀如来法藏比丘之昔,被催平等慈悲,为普摄于一切,不以诸行为往生本愿,唯以称名念佛一行为其本愿也。</p>
<p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span>「平等慈悲」故,「普摄一切」故,不论缁素贤愚、善恶净秽、男女老少、贫富贵贱;亦即不论何人,只要「一向专称弥陀佛名」,皆得平等往生报土,同证无量光寿。此即是善导大师于《法事赞》所云:</p><p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 36pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;">人天善恶,皆得往生;<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>到彼无殊,齐同不退。</p>
<p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span>又《选择集》第六章云:</p><p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 36pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;">凡四十八愿皆虽本愿,殊以念佛为往生规。</p><p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span>又云:</p><p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 36pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;">四十八愿中,既以念佛往生愿而为本愿中王也,是以释迦慈悲,特以此经止住百岁也。</p>
<p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span>此「称名本愿」之义,存觉上人于《六要钞》简洁扼要明快地解释说:</p><p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 36pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;">称佛名号,得往生益,是佛本愿。<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>如此信知,是名至心、信乐、欲生。</p>
<p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span>有人问法然上人曰:「上人之念佛,念念皆与佛心相应;因智者既深知本愿内容,亦详明名号功德故也。」</p><p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span>上人答曰:</p><p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 36pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;">汝所信本愿亦然。<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>阿弥陀佛之本愿名号者,即使樵夫猎户之愚痴卑贱、一文不识之类,信称念必生,而真实欣乐常念佛者,以此为最上根。<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>若以智慧离生死者,法然何必舍圣道门入净土门乎?<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>圣道门之修行者,极智慧离生死;<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>净土门之修行者,还愚痴生极乐。</p>
<p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span>明遍僧都问法然上人曰:「虽念佛,心散乱,将如何?」</p><p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span>上人答曰:</p><p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 72.75pt; TEXT-INDENT: -36pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;">应知:心虽散乱,称佛名者,乘佛愿力,必得往生。<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>生于欲界散地之人皆散心也,犹如受生人界,则有目鼻。所谓散心不往生,无有是理;散心念佛人之往生,方是殊胜之本愿。<span lang="EN-US"><br/></span>凡夫之心,何能无散乱!亦唯如此,故名易行。</p><p style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 20.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span>弥陀所选择之本愿念佛,「殊胜」的同时,也是能使一切众生平等往生报土的「容易」;不论愚痴卑贱、一文不知,人人都能。是故本愿念佛,殊胜简易。</p>